موافقة ملفات تعريف الارتباط في 中国

China's PIPL, in force since November 2021 and led by the CAC, is comprehensive and in some respects stricter than the GDPR. It requires separate consent for specific activities such as sharing data with third parties, processing sensitive data, cross border transfers, and public disclosure, rather than a single bundled consent. Cross border transfers face strict controls, including a security assessment, certification, or standard contract route, and data localisation applies to critical information infrastructure. Penalties reach up to 50 million yuan or 5 percent of turnover, plus possible suspension of business. Notices must be in Chinese. Cookies and tracking that handle personal information need consent and clear notice.